Many conditions should be taken into account in the process of dental implant treatment. One of these sufficient width and height of the jawbone, i.e. bone parameters required to stabilize the implant. If the bone volume is not enough for implantation, the patient needs to augment bone, i.e. to increase volume to the required parameters. There are different ways to increase the amount of volume, one of which is a method of guided bone regeneration.
This method involves using special materials which create conditions for accelerated growth of bone cells, at the same time guiding them in the right direction and giving them the necessary shape by special barriers. Thus, the materials for guided bone regeneration are special membranes, which are the barrier to the bone material added to the bone of the patient. Membranes are made of bioinert material which does not react with body tissues, but instead creates a boundary between them.
High-quality membrane for guided bone regeneration must meet the following requirements:
-biocompatibility of membranes, i.e. not to cause allergies and inflammation;
-easy to place in the bone, tightly secured around the implant;
-induce the formation of bone (not fibrous) tissue;
-hermetical barrier for the germination of epithelium in the zone alien for it and penetration of bacteria;
-locking fixation with the implant neck;
-secure fixation of the area of bone regeneration.
Membranes can be resorbable and non-resorbable. Resorbable membranes dissolve on their own in the body of the patient completely together with bio- absorbable screws attached to the bone. Non-resorbable membranes do not dissolve, they require additional surgery for their removal after bone graft procedure. The material used for the fabrication of resorbable membranes is collagen or soluble synthetic materials, durable and reliable. In some cases membranes are bilayer, the inner layer is covered with a solution containing the growth factor or fibrin. Collagen, which is used to fabricate membranes, activates osteoblasts – bone cells and thus stimulates bone growth.
Non-resorbable membrane are made from a non-absorbable high-density material-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Negative properties of non-resorbable membranes are their ability to become exposed and inflamed before the end of the bone regeneration process. They have to be removed, without waiting the end of the augmentation process. Barrier membranes reinforced with titanium are used as well, they preserve their shape even if the zone surrounded by them is not filled with the bone material.
Special bone materials of natural origin, such as Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide are used in guided bone regeneration along with barrier membranes. These materials are effective in stimulating the regeneration of bone cells.
The specialists of the company Bio3 Implants recommend Bio-Oss and Bio-Hyde natural bone substitute, which is very similar to human bone in structure and easily integrated into the space surrounded by the barrier membrane. Bio-Oss bone substitute stimulates new- bone formation in a few years and Bio-Hyde- in a few months.