The technique and method of dental implantation, the choice of the implant type and abutments depend on the state of the jawbone, as these biological indices of bone cells affect the process of osseointegration, which determines the success of implant treatment.
Most often, the state of bone tissue, which surrounds the inserted implant is estimated using panoramic X-ray images of the entire jaw. However, today x-ray of bone structures is considered a subjective method, as it depends on nonstable factors such as an individual vision of the pathological process, the experience of the specialist, the technical condition of the equipment. That is why the more progressive methods of estimating bone tissue before dental implantation are densitometry, orthopantomography and CT scan.
What results do we have to obtain when examining bone tissue with modern methods of diagnostics, to know exactly whether we need bone augmentation for the dental implant procedure? Of course, we can hardly meet the ideal picture but, nevertheless, it is important to know that the healthy bone is composed of three layers:
– The base layer is located in the center – cancellous bone;
– The deepest layer is basal bone;
– The surface layer that protects the cancellous and basal layers, cortical or cortical plate.
The presence of all three layers of bone tissue in the sufficient volume and biologically active state is a key indicator of the possibility of the dental implantation without bone augmentation. When a tooth is fixed in the jaw bone, besides the support for itself, it also plays an important role in the physiological state of the bone, providing full blood supply for all cells. In the absence of a tooth longer than two months, there occurs the disturbance of exchange interactions between bone cells, they decay, and as result there is a reduction of bone – its atrophy. This is an uneven process. The cancellous layer of bone is more exposed to atrophy, since it has the most extensive capillary network and under the natural loading of the teeth, there occurs an active oxygen saturation of cells, which stops with the removal of the tooth.
When the bone state and all other indications are perfect, the dental implantation is performed by the classical method and does not require the prior increasing of bone volume. It happens more often immediately after tooth extraction. In other cases, if you want to avoid the bone augmentation, the alternative methods of dental implantation are used.
Taking into account the bone state, the experts of Bio3 Implants recommend before choosing one or another dental implant protocol, to listen to the opinion of the doctor and run a thorough diagnostics of the bone tissue by means of modern effective methods.